نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار دانشگاه بینالمللی مذاهب اسلامی تهران
2 دانشیار دانشگاه پیام نور تهران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
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عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Folk or rural Sufism, as a significant Sufi movement in Ottoman Anatolia, had a pronounced presence from the early days of the Ottoman state and society. By the mid-9th century Hijri, the legitimacy of Ottoman sovereignty gradually diminished among the adherents of folk Sufism. Although Ottoman policies towards the semi-nomadic and nomadic Turkmens of Anatolia, who followed this Sufi movement, played a significant role in their divergence from the Ottomans, the attractions of the Safavid movement also had an influential effect on their orientation. This study seeks to identify the main historical factors influencing the convergence of Anatolian Sufi Turkmens with the Safavids. The findings suggest that the Turkmens’ inclination towards the Safavid call was rooted in their spiritual affiliation with the Safavid order and the positive factors present in the Safavid movement. Specifically, under the leadership of Khwaja Ali, the Safavid order adopted a more popular and public-friendly face. This transformation was a crucial factor in the significant shift of folk Sufi followers towards the Safavids. With the propaganda efforts of the Safavid caliphs in Anatolia, many Turkmens were attracted by positive elements in their call, such as ghaza (religious wars), jihad, the leadership of the Safavids, and their respect and attention to Turkish identity and language, eventually aiding their leader Ismail Mirza in establishing the Safavid state. Evidence indicates that the Hurufis, who had previously bonded with the Safavids before spreading in Anatolia, found a new connection with the Bektashis in the 9th century Hijri, which facilitated their link to the Safavids. This paper will employ a descriptive-analytical method to explore the factors influencing this convergence
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