Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Ph.D Candidate in the History of Iran after Islam, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2
Associate Professor, Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3
Associate Professor, Department of History, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
4
Professor, Department of History, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/jiiph.2025.64481.2546
Abstract
This article examines the behavior of the "Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation-the Third Force" from its establishment in October 1952 until the coup d'état on August 19, 1953, based on the "Crisis Theory" of Thomas A. Spragens. This theory consists of four stages: 1) Observing the crisis, 2) Identifying the cause of the crisis, 3) Drawing an ideal society, and 4) Providing a solution. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of behavior exhibited by the "Toilers Party of Iran – Third Force" in response to the crises that the national movement faced from October 1952 to August 1953, using the official newspaper of this party, The Third Force, as the primary source. This article's data collection method is library research and document review, with data analysis performed through historical research using a descriptive-analytical approach. Based on the findings, from the party's founding until the August 19 coup, the leaders of the Third Force identified three crises: economic, political, and international. To protect the national movement and support Mosaddegh's government, they sought to understand the causes of the turmoil and presented solutions to overcome the crises. According to the party's founders, the economic crisis was caused by the economic blockade imposed by Britain and the absolute reliance of the government on the non-oil economy. The international crisis was attributed to British, American, and Soviet colonial policies, while the political crisis was seen as a result of tyranny. Consequently, the party proposed solutions, including a budget free from oil revenue to address the economic crisis, reliance on a third force to resolve the international crisis, and establishing a republican system to overcome the political crisis.
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