Factors affecting the convergence of the Sufi Turkomans of Anatolia with the Safavids

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Islamic History, Faculty of Quran and Hadith, International University of Islamic Denominations, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of History of Civilization of Islamic Nations, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/jiiph.2024.51484.2324

Abstract

Abstract
Common or non-urban Sufism, as one of the most important Sufi currents in Ottoman Anatolia, has been present in the society and the Ottoman government since the formation of the Ottoman Empire. From about the middle of the ninth century AH (Anno Hegirae), the legitimacy of Ottoman rule among the followers of popular Sufism gradually diminished. Although the Ottoman policies towards the nomadic and semi-nomadic Anatolian Turkomans who followed this Sufi movement played an important role in their divergence from the Ottomans, the tendency of these Turkmens to invite the Safavids was rooted in their spiritual affiliation with the Safavid religion and the positive factors in the Safavid movement. In fact, the Safavid principle took on a popular character during his leadership. This change was one of the important factors in the main tendency of the followers of popular Sufism towards the Safavids. With the propaganda of the Safavid caliphs in Anatolia, many Turkmens were attracted to their identity and Turkish language due to the positive factors in their invitation, such as Ghaza and Jihad, Safavid sovereignty, and finally their mentor, Ismail Mirza, became the Safavid's figure. Various evidences show that Hurufism, which was associated with the Safavids before its publication in Anatolia, found a connection with the Bektashis in the ninth century AH, and their connection with the Safavids became open.

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Journal of Iranian Islamic Period History

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 January 2024

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History

  • Receive Date: 15 May 2022
  • Revise Date: 11 December 2023
  • Accept Date: 01 January 2024

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